A single adult consumes around 5,000 aphids in its lifespan whereas an adult female consumes about 300 aphids before laying eggs (Dixon, 2000).Īccording to Majerus and Kearns (1989) adults over winter in sheltered locations such as tree holes and other natural hiding places. An adult can consume 3,23,29 eggs, larvae and adults of red spiders mites, respectively (Anwarullah et al., 1966). Hippodamia variegate (Goeze) is a general predator specially feeding on soft- bodied nymphs of aphids, mealy bugs and also scale insects, whiteflies and mites. One larva can consumes up to 50 aphids a day. A ladybird may eat aphids equal to its body weight every day. However, members of its subfamily Epilachninae are phytophagous and are pests of important agricultural crops belonging to the family Fabaceae and compositae (Dieke, 1947 Li and Cook, 1961). Ladybird beetles are mostly considered beneficial because of their predatory activity and help in regulating pest population of soft bodied insects like aphids, jassids, etc (Khuznetsov, 1997). Family Coccinellidae is further classified into six subfamilies namely Chilocorinae, Coccinellinae, Coccidulinae, Scymninae, Sticholotidinae and Epilachininae. About 6000 species under 490 genera of Coccinellidae are known worldwide (Slipinski, 2007). They are more or less distributed worldwide and can be found from seacoast to alpine pastures, however many tribes are restricted to particular biogeographically regions (Majerous and Kern, 1989). Ladybird beetles which also called Ladybugs belong to the family Coccinellidae of order Coleoptera. Key words: Ladybird beetles, Coccinellidae hexaspilota which is only collected from single locality pirbaba. vigintioctopunctata are highly abundant and were collected from all localities, while the rest of the species are moderately abundant except A. The numerical data of these species reveals that C. These species are Brumoidus suturalis, Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Propylea dissecta, Coelophora bissellata, Oenopia sauzeti, Aiolocaria hexaspilota, Psyllobora bisoctonotata, Harmonia dimidiata, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, Henosepilachna septima and Afidentula manderstjernae. The identification of the collected specimens during the study revealed that there are thirteen species of Ladybird beetle under eleven genera and three subfamilies (Subfamily Chilocorinae, Subfamily Coccinellini and Subfamily Epilachnini) were collected. Collection surveys were conducted in these areas at fifteen days interval in the active season during 2013-14. The study area was divided into twelve different localities namely village (Pirbaba, Kingergali, Daggar, Gokand, Barkalay, Budal, Shaheede sar, Nawagai, Nagrai, Chinglai, Totalai and Malka). In this connection, the present study was conducted to explore the Ladybird beetle fauna of district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. However, the ladybird beetle fauna of Pakistan is not extensively explored area wise. Ladybird beetle is important group of beetles because they are important universal predatory and occupies important place in biological control. The syntax is -R port:host:hostport.Byline: Kausar Saeed, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak, Fayaz Khan, Falak Naz and Naveed Akhtar This option specifies that the given port on the remote (server) host is to be forwarded to the given host and port on the local side. Starting from my shell history I created a tunnel using the -R option. I wanted to create a tunnel that exposes a port from my developer machine to a publicly available network interface. Usually our services regardless of production, staging or development are running behind an Nginx. I wanted to expose a service running on my developer machine to a static public IP address backed by a server running in the wild. Given you configure your browser (or OS) to use the SOCKS proxy created above your would have access to the wiki in your intranet… Exposing an SSH tunnel to the public network interface of a remote serverįinally, the scenario that motivated this post…
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